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It has long been noted that high-stakes language exams exert a powerful influence on teaching and learning, a phenomenon known as the washback effect (Alderson and Wall, 1993). However, due to the complex nature of the phenomenon, little research has been conducted in the field so far. This book, which is based on empirical research into the washback effect of First Certificate in English (FCE, Cambridge ESOL), discusses and elaborates on the complexity of the phenomenon and accounts for the intervening factors that mediate the process of test washback. The book concludes with the presentation of a model that demonstrates how the mechanism of washback operates and with recommendations to a variety of stakeholders for achieving beneficial washback.

Criminal lawyer and bestselling mystery author Erle Stanley Gardner wrote nearly 150 novels that have sold 300 million copies worldwide. Now, the American Bar Association is bringing back his most famous and enduring novels-featuring criminal defense lawyer and sleuth Perry Mason-in striking trade paperback editions. Rhoda Lorton doesn't always marry the right men. Her first husband, Greg Moxley, took off with her savings, only to have his plane crash. Lorton has gone on to marry millionaire scion Carl Montaine when Moxley turns up The Complexity of Test Washback : An Empirical Study free pdf alive and well and demands money to stay silent about Lorton's first, extant marriage. When Moxley is found dead, two eyewitness claim to have seen Lorton kill him, and she says she killed him, too. But did she? Numbers and letters are the blueprints of our lives. By studying the patterns they create--whether it's a name, an address, or a date--we can learn more about ourselves, others, and how to best interact with those around us.

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Author: Dina Tsagari
Number of Pages: 289 pages
Published Date: 28 May 2009
Publisher: Peter Lang AG
Publication Country: Bern, Switzerland
Language: English
ISBN: 9783631585061
Download Link: Click Here
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